I3C shown to inhibit breast cancer cell growth

"Estrogen" is a term that is used to collectively describe the female hormones estradiol, estrone, and estriol. Under normal conditions, estrogen is metabolized and excreted by the body. Excretion yields three metabolites with varying biological activity-2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE), 16-OHE, or 4-OHE.

The 2-OHE metabolite is generally termed the "good" estrogen because it generates very weak (and therefore potentially less harmful) estrogenic activity in the body. In contrast, the 16-OHE and 4-OHE metabolites generate potent estrogenic activity and may promote dangerous tissue growth.

Studies have shown that women who metabolize a larger proportion of their estrogen into the 16-OHE metabolite may be at greater risk of developing breast cancer. Therefore, shifting the estrogen metabolite balance towards the 2-OHE metabolite may prove very beneficial in improving a variety of conditions related to elevated or imbalanced estrogen levels.

Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) is a naturally occurring compound derived from cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, Brussels sprouts, and cabbage that actively promotes the breakdown of estrogen to the beneficial metabolite, 2-OHE. In order to determine the role of I3C in breast cancer prevention, researchers exposed human breast cancer cells to varying levels of I3C and examined the effects on 2-OHE production.

Results showed that I3C promoted production of the 2-OHE metabolite while simultaneously inhibiting the growth of cancer cells. Dr. Tiwari and colleagues concluded in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute that "I3C has specific antigrowth effects in human breast cancer cells."

SOURCE: J Natl Cancer Inst 1994;86(2):126-31.

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